fix: resolve critical bugs and security issues across the project

Security:
- Disable SSL verification only in development (lib/req.js)
- Wrap all JSON.parse(cookie) calls in try-catch via safeJsonParse utility
- Sanitize dangerouslySetInnerHTML in blog/clinic with sanitizeHtml utility
- Fix open redirect in payment page — validate URL origin before redirect
- Fix cookie cleanup on 401 — use js-cookie with correct domain scope

Performance:
- Wrap ItemDoctor with React.memo to prevent unnecessary re-renders
- Replace <img> with Next.js <Image> in blog Caption component

Functionality:
- Fix memory leak in Recode.js — store intervals in refs, cleanup on unmount
- Add null guard on retryIcon.current before classList manipulation
- Fix getParsedUserInfo in helper to handle malformed cookie gracefully

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

lib/req.js

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 import axios from "axios";
 import https from "https";
 
-// Create axios instance with SSL verification disabled for development
 const axiosInstance = axios.create({
-  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({
-    rejectUnauthorized: false
-  })
+  ...(process.env.NODE_ENV === "development" && {
+    httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ rejectUnauthorized: false }),
+  }),
 });
 
 export const fetchReq = async (url, headers) => {