fix: resolve critical bugs and security issues across the project

Security:
- Disable SSL verification only in development (lib/req.js)
- Wrap all JSON.parse(cookie) calls in try-catch via safeJsonParse utility
- Sanitize dangerouslySetInnerHTML in blog/clinic with sanitizeHtml utility
- Fix open redirect in payment page — validate URL origin before redirect
- Fix cookie cleanup on 401 — use js-cookie with correct domain scope

Performance:
- Wrap ItemDoctor with React.memo to prevent unnecessary re-renders
- Replace <img> with Next.js <Image> in blog Caption component

Functionality:
- Fix memory leak in Recode.js — store intervals in refs, cleanup on unmount
- Add null guard on retryIcon.current before classList manipulation
- Fix getParsedUserInfo in helper to handle malformed cookie gracefully

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/panel/(layout)/layout.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { getUser } from "@/lib/auth";
 import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
 import { cookies } from "next/headers";
 import { fetchReq } from "@/lib/req";
+import { safeJsonParse } from "@/lib/sanitize";
 
 async function LayoutPanel({ children }) {
   const user = await getUser();
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ async function LayoutPanel({ children }) {
     const accessToken = cookieStore.get("access_token");
 
     if (userInfo && accessToken) {
-      const parsedUserInfo = JSON.parse(userInfo.value);
+      const parsedUserInfo = safeJsonParse(userInfo.value);
+      if (!parsedUserInfo) return;
       const representationUuid = parsedUserInfo?.representation_uuid;
 
       if (representationUuid) {